From Oral Dysbiosis to Systemic Wellbeing: Exploring Patient Perceptions of the Oral Gut Connection in Periodontal Health

Authors

  • Ika Andriani Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59890/ijasse.v4i5.28

Keywords:

Oral-Gut Connection, Periodontal Health, Patient Perception, Oral Dysbiosis, Qualitative Study

Abstract

Periodontal health is not only associated with oral conditions but may also be related to systemic health through interactions between oral and gut microbiota. However, patients’ understanding of the oral-gut connection remains insufficiently explored. This study aimed to explore periodontal patients’ perceptions regarding the relationship between oral health, oral dysbiosis, and systemic wellbeing. A qualitative exploratory approach was employed involving 15 periodontal patients selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings identified themes related to limited patient understanding, experiences of periodontal disease, and the need for integrated health education. This study contributes to the development of patient-centered periodontal education approaches based on patient perspectives.

References

Andriani, I., & Chairunnisa, F. A. (2019). Periodontitis kronis dan penatalaksanaan kasus dengan kuretase. Insisiva Dental Journal: Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Insisiva, 8(1), 25–30.

Borgnakke, W. S. (2021). Does treatment of periodontal disease influence systemic disease? Dental Clinics of North America, 65(1), 173–186.

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2022). Thematic analysis: A practical guide. SAGE Publications.

Coote, E., Patel, N., & Vijayanarayanan, R. (2026). The oral–gut axis in periodontal disease: A systematic review of the associated human evidence of its mechanisms and implications for patient care. Journal of Oral Microbiology, 18(1), 2705699.

Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2024). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Curtis, M. A., Diaz, P. I., & Van Dyke, T. E. (2020). The role of the microbiota in periodontal disease. Periodontology 2000, 83(1), 14–25.

Dziarski, R., & Gupta, D. (2021). The gut microbiome and immune system interaction. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 73(9), 1635–1643.

Epstein, R. M., & Street, R. L. (2011). The values and value of patient-centered care. Annals of Family Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1239

Furquim, C. P., Suárez, L. J., Tavares, R., Retamal-Valdes, B., Neuppmann Feres, M. F., & Feres, M. (2025). Perceptions, attitudes, and needs of periodontitis patients: A qualitative systematic review. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 52(1), 80–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.14058

Hajishengallis, G., & Chavakis, T. (2021). Local and systemic mechanisms linking periodontal disease and inflammatory comorbidities. Nature Reviews Immunology, 21, 426–440. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-020-00488-5

Horne, P. E., Foster Page, L. A., Leichter, J. W., Knight, E. T., & Thomson, W. M. (2020). Psychosocial aspects of periodontal disease diagnosis and treatment: A qualitative study. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 47(8), 942–951. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13296

Horowitz, A. M., & Kleinman, D. V. (2021). Oral health literacy and its impact on oral health outcomes. Journal of Public Health Dentistry, 81(2), 125–132.

Huck, O., Mulhall, H., Rubin, G., Kizelnik, Z., & Icekson, R. (2021). Emerging links between periodontal inflammation and systemic diseases. Frontiers in Immunology, 12, 688.

Isnaini, D. N., Rakasiwi, D. B., Nawawi, F. N. P., Maulana, I., Andriani, I., et al. (2024). Biological properties of propolis from Tetragonula sp. against subgingival bacteria: proteolytic activity in periodontitis. Natural and Life Sciences Communications, 23(2), e2024020.

Kitamoto, S., Nagao-Kitamoto, H., Jiao, Y., & Kamada, N. (2020). The interplay between microbial dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation in inflammatory diseases. Cell Host & Microbe, 27(6), 850–861.

Kitamoto, S., Nagao-Kitamoto, H., & Kamada, N. (2022). The microbiome in inflammatory disease: The role of host–microbe interactions. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 19, 683–696.

Lamont, R. J., Koo, H., & Hajishengallis, G. (2020). The oral microbiota–host ecosystem: A potential driver of health and disease. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 18, 575–590. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-020-0436-8

Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2024). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (5th ed.). Jossey-Bass.

Nanninga, M., Meijering, L., & Busschers, W. (2022). Patients’ experiences and perceptions of chronic oral diseases: A qualitative approach. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 50(5), 425–433.

Sanz, M., Marco del Castillo, A., Jepsen, S., Gonzalez-Jaranay, M., D’Aiuto, F., Bouchard, P., Chapple, I., Dietrich, T., Genco, R., & Herrera, D. (2020). Periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases: Consensus report. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 47(3), 268–288.

Tanwar, H., Gnanasekaran, J. M., Allison, D., Chuang, L. S., He, X., Aimetti, M., Baima, G., Costalonga, M., Cross, R. K., Sears, C., Mehandru, S., & Thumbigere-Math, V. (2023). Unraveling the link between periodontitis and inflammatory bowel disease: Challenges and outlook. Frontiers in Immunology, 14, 1250105. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1250105

Yuniawati, F., Andriani, I., Hartanti, H., Cahyo, G. H., & Lestari, C. (2023). Edukasi kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat di Kelurahan Lubuk Minturun, Kota Padang. Jurnal Kreativitas Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 6(8), 3159–3167.

Zhao, S., Wu, Y., et al. (2024). Knowledge, attitudes and practices among patients with periodontal disease toward disease management. Frontiers in Public Health, 12, 1500586. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1500586

Published

2026-10-26

How to Cite

Andriani, I. (2026). From Oral Dysbiosis to Systemic Wellbeing: Exploring Patient Perceptions of the Oral Gut Connection in Periodontal Health. International Journal of Advance Social Sciences and Education (IJASSE), 4(5), 533–548. https://doi.org/10.59890/ijasse.v4i5.28